1) What is a blockchain?
A shared history of transactions that many computers agree on.
A blockchain is a database that stores transactions in batches called blocks. Instead of one company owning the database, many participants keep copies and follow rules to agree on the next block. When your transaction is included in a block, it becomes part of the shared record.
Practice: you can verify a transaction yourself by searching for the transaction hash in a block explorer. That is why a screenshot is not proof. The chain is.
Safety note: always verify the chain and network name. Similar names can be used in scams.